人工养蛇的药用价值

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minor-fareast;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin'蛇的药用价值很高。人们以蛇入药治病由来已久。

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mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin 的悠久历史。北宋出版的《开宝本草》记载，五步蛇（

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minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri； mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin'，又名Agkistromus acutina和Viper)，可治疗中风、风湿痹痛等多种疾病。李实

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mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin' 甄氏在《本草纲目》中指出，“黑头蛇之力与白花蛇之力相同，但其性别与白蛇相同。

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mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin' good and non-toxic"。国外，1800

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minor-fareast;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin'周边，一些欧美国家开始

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mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri；mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin'蛇药； 1915年的日本

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minor-fareast;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin' 有蛇的药用记录。现代人

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mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin'根据中医理论，他们常用白蛇和黑蛇来酿制各种蛇酒。

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mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin'用于治疗风湿性关节炎等疾病，疗效显着而真实。蛇胆

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mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin'胆汁含有胆色素、胆汁酸、胆固醇、卵磷脂等磷

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mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin' 脂肪、脂肪和矿物质等，可入药，最早记载可在汉代

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mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-

latin">《名医别录》。中医认为，蛇胆能行气化痰、清肝明目、 minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin">除风祛湿。如著名的三蛇胆陈皮、三蛇胆半夏等。以蛇 minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin">胆为原料配制川贝液、蛇胆陈皮末、蛇胆追风丸等中成 minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin">药，用于治疗小儿肺炎、支气管炎或伤风咳嗽等病，疗 minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin">效显著。此外，还有用蛇胆配以其他药物制成的粉刺 minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin">霜，可消除颜面粉刺及炎症。尤其是毒蛇的蛇毒（毒 minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin">腺分泌的毒液），其化学成分十分复杂，主要是一种含 minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin">有多种酶类的蛋白质、多肽类物质，其药用和经济价值 minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin">更高，在国际市场上蛇毒价格比黄金贵数十倍。国内蛇 minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin">毒的药用仅有70 mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin">多年历史，最早的是1952 mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin">年广州中山 minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin">医学院开始用眼镜蛇毒治疗各种疼痛性病例，并取得良 minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin">好的止痛作用。1974 mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin">年，沈阳中国医科大学利用蛇岛蝮 minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin">蛇毒治疗恶性肿瘤，胃、十二指肠溃疡等疾病，取得较 minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin">好的疗效。1976 mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin">年，中国科学院昆明动物研究所开展蛇 minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin">毒分离纯化研究，对三种蛇毒做了一级结构测定，发现蛇毒类凝血酶由一条肽链所构成，但它具有和血浆凝血 minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin">酶相似的物化性质。蛇毒类凝血酶的脱纤维蛋白质在临 minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin">床上已作为抗凝剂使用。从蝮蛇、五步蛇的蛇毒中分离 minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin">提纯具有抗凝作用的精氨酸酯酶、去纤酶等临床上用于 minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin">治疗脑血栓疾病。蛇毒还用于镇痛，如眼镜蛇蛇毒的镇 minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin">痛作用机制与吗啡相似，但无麻醉作用，虽比吗啡起效 minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin">慢，持续作用时间却较长，1976 mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin">年昆明动物研究所从眼 minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin">镜蛇蛇毒中试制的克痛灵注射液治疗各种疼痛疗效较好。 minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin">关于蛇毒治疗肿瘤，从1933 mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin">—1964 mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin">年的30 mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin">年研究过程 minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin">中，用蛇毒治疗晚期癌症只停留于镇痛阶段，从1965 mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin">年 minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin">开展分离纯化，蛇毒抗癌研究已取得新的进展。大多数 minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin">病人用药后症状改善，肿瘤缩小，寿命延长，对脑癌、 minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin">肝癌、食道癌等癌症疗效更佳。一般来说，用蛇毒胶囊 minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin">或丸治疗癌症无副作用，连续服用有助于药效的发挥， minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin">但应注意胃癌等手术病人忌用此药。总之，蛇毒药用价 minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin">值大，被人们誉为“液体黄金”，如蝮蛇纯干毒粉在国 minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin">际市场是黄金价格的20 mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin">倍，在国内每克价超过1000 mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin">元， minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin">且供不应求。

mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin">蛇蜕即蛇的干燥蜕皮，中医人药称为龙衣。据《本 minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin">草纲目》记载，其有辟恶、祛风、杀虫等功效。中医认 minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin">为蛇蜕能祛风、镇惊、杀虫、退翳。用蛇蜕配蝉蜕、生 minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin">地、当归等药组成的著名中药汤剂一抗荨汤对治疗风 minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin">热性皮肤病有奇效。民间常用蛇蜕治疗皮肤瘙痒、疥癖， minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin">疗效明显。大型蛇皮经过加工，是用于加工制作多种民 minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin">族乐器、包、袋和皮带的上等材料。蛇头、蛇眼、蛇肝等均可人药，应用范围十分广泛。

mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin">此外，蛇是老鼠的天敌，我国南方有些地区在农田 minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin">中放蛇捕鼠，使鼠害明显降低。